Examples: I just now posted the letter that I had written in the morning. (The writing of the letter happened first.) When we reached the school, the bell had already rung. (The ringing of the bell happened first.) The past perfect tense is used to report actions that happened in the past. Therefore, it is used in indirect or reported speech.
Present perfect tense is also used for actions completed in the recent past, not very long time ago. The present perfect tense form of a verb has two parts: The present tense form of ‘to be’ – known as helping verb or auxillary verb; Past participle form of the main verb. The structure of the sentence: Affirmative sentences:- Subject
The Past Perfect Tense in English–Talking About Earlier and Later Past Actions. The past perfect tense talks about an action in the past that happened before another action in the past. When we use the past perfect, we can tell in what order the events happened. Because it is a perfect tense, the action is completely finished.We can call this an 'order' in English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example: Direct speech: Sit down! In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell' instead of 'ask': Reported speech: She told me to sit down. Direct Order. LMNd7.